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  2. traceroute - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traceroute

    In computing, traceroute and tracert are diagnostic command-line interface commands for displaying possible routes (paths) and transit delays of packets across an Internet Protocol (IP) network. The command reports the round-trip times of the packets received from each successive host (remote node) along the route to a destination.

  3. Footprinting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footprinting

    Active Footprinting is the process of using tools and techniques, such as performing a ping sweep or using the traceroute command, to gather information on a target. Active Footprinting can trigger a target's Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and may be logged, and thus requires a level of stealth to successfully do. [ 4 ]

  4. netstat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netstat

    To display active TCP connections and the process IDs every 5 seconds, type the following command (works on NT based systems only, or Windows 2000 with hotfix): netstat -o 5. To display active TCP connections and the process IDs using numerical form, type the following command (works on NT based systems only, or Windows 2000 with hotfix ...

  5. Internet Control Message Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message...

    The traceroute command can be implemented by transmitting IP datagrams with specially set IP TTL header fields, and looking for ICMP time exceeded in transit and destination unreachable messages generated in response. The related ping utility is implemented using the ICMP echo request and echo reply messages.

  6. Layer four traceroute - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layer_four_traceroute

    Layer Four Traceroute (LFT) is a fast, multi-protocol traceroute engine, that also implements numerous other features including AS number lookups through regional Internet registries and other reliable sources, Loose Source Routing, firewall and load balancer detection, etc. LFT is best known for its use by network security practitioners to trace a route to a destination host through many ...

  7. PathPing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PathPing

    The advantages of PathPing over ping and traceroute are that each node is pinged as the result of a single command, and that the behavior of nodes is studied over an extended time period, rather than the default ping sample of four messages or default traceroute single route trace. The disadvantage is that it takes a total of 25 seconds per hop ...

  8. MTR (software) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTR_(software)

    My traceroute, originally named Matt's traceroute (MTR), is a computer program that combines the functions of the traceroute and ping programs in one network diagnostic tool. [ 2 ] MTR probes routers on the route path by limiting the number of hops individual packets may traverse, and listening to responses of their expiry.

  9. Equal-cost multi-path routing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal-cost_multi-path_routing

    ECMP animation using IEEE 802.1aq protocol. Equal-cost multi-path routing (ECMP) is a routing strategy where packet forwarding to a single destination can occur over multiple best paths with equal routing priority. Multi-path routing can be used in conjunction with most routing protocols because it is a per-hop local decision made independently ...