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  2. Propagation of uncertainty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_of_uncertainty

    Any non-linear differentiable function, (,), of two variables, and , can be expanded as + +. If we take the variance on both sides and use the formula [11] for the variance of a linear combination of variables ⁡ (+) = ⁡ + ⁡ + ⁡ (,), then we obtain | | + | | +, where is the standard deviation of the function , is the standard deviation of , is the standard deviation of and = is the ...

  3. Observational error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_error

    Random errors are errors in measurement that lead to measurable values being inconsistent when repeated measurements of a constant attribute or quantity are taken. Random errors create measurement uncertainty. Systematic errors are errors that are not determined by chance but are introduced by repeatable processes inherent to the system. [3]

  4. Experimental uncertainty analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_uncertainty...

    For example, an experimental uncertainty analysis of an undergraduate physics lab experiment in which a pendulum can estimate the value of the local gravitational acceleration constant g. The relevant equation [ 1 ] for an idealized simple pendulum is, approximately,

  5. List of experimental errors and frauds in physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_experimental...

    Some errors are introduced when the experimenter's desire for a certain result unconsciously influences selection of data (a problem which is possible to avoid in some cases with double-blind protocols). [4] There have also been cases of deliberate scientific misconduct. [5]

  6. Cosmological constant problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_constant_problem

    (more unsolved problems in physics) In cosmology , the cosmological constant problem or vacuum catastrophe is the substantial disagreement between the observed values of vacuum energy density (the small value of the cosmological constant ) and the much larger theoretical value of zero-point energy suggested by quantum field theory .

  7. Instrument error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_error

    The range in amount of possible random errors is sometimes referred to as the precision. Random errors may arise because of the design of the instrument. In particular they may be subdivided between errors in the amount shown on the display, and; how accurately the display can actually be read.

  8. Uncertainty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty

    There is some controversy in physics as to whether such uncertainty is an irreducible property of nature or if there are "hidden variables" that would describe the state of a particle even more exactly than Heisenberg's uncertainty principle allows.

  9. Approximation error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximation_error

    Statements about relative errors are sensitive to addition of constants, but not to multiplication by constants. For absolute errors, the opposite is true: ...