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The word problem for an algebra is then to determine, given two expressions (words) involving the generators and operations, whether they represent the same element of the algebra modulo the identities. The word problems for groups and semigroups can be phrased as word problems for algebras. [1]
Word problem from the Līlāvatī (12th century), with its English translation and solution. In science education, a word problem is a mathematical exercise (such as in a textbook, worksheet, or exam) where significant background information on the problem is presented in ordinary language rather than in mathematical notation.
The word problem was one of the first examples of an unsolvable problem to be found not in mathematical logic or the theory of algorithms, but in one of the central branches of classical mathematics, algebra. As a result of its unsolvability, several other problems in combinatorial group theory have been shown to be unsolvable as well.
When the algorithm succeeds, it effectively solves the word problem for the specified algebra. Buchberger's algorithm for computing Gröbner bases is a very similar algorithm. Although developed independently, it may also be seen as the instantiation of Knuth–Bendix algorithm in the theory of polynomial rings .
Word problem for linear bounded automata [25] Word problem for quasi-realtime automata [26] Emptiness problem for a nondeterministic two-way finite state automaton [27] [28] Equivalence problem for nondeterministic finite automata [29] [30] Word problem and emptiness problem for non-erasing stack automata [31]
Complete (complexity), a notion referring to a problem in computational complexity theory that all other problems in a class reduce to Turing complete set, a related notion from recursion theory; Completeness (knowledge bases), found in knowledge base theory
Word problem (mathematics education), a type of textbook exercise or exam question to have students apply abstract mathematical concepts to real-world situations; Word problem (mathematics), a decision problem for algebraic identities in mathematics and computer science; Word problem for groups, the problem of recognizing the identity element ...
The first known PSPACE-complete problem was the word problem for deterministic context-sensitive grammars. In the word problem for context-sensitive grammars, one is given a set of grammatical transformations which can increase, but cannot decrease, the length of a sentence, and wishes to determine if a given sentence could be produced by these ...