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Wernicke encephalopathy (WE), also Wernicke's encephalopathy, [1] or wet brain is the presence of neurological symptoms caused by biochemical lesions of the central nervous system after exhaustion of B-vitamin reserves, in particular thiamine (vitamin B 1). [2]
Diagnosis of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is by clinical impression and can sometimes be confirmed by a formal neuropsychological assessment. Wernicke encephalopathy typically presents with ataxia and nystagmus , and Korsakoff's psychosis with anterograde and retrograde amnesia and confabulation upon relevant lines of questioning.
Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome are forms of dry beriberi. [6] Diagnosis is based on symptoms, low levels of thiamine in the urine, high blood lactate, and improvement with thiamine supplementation. [9] Treatment is by thiamine supplementation, either by mouth or by injection. [1] With treatment, symptoms generally resolve in a ...
Rarer mimics of encephalopathy are meningitis, encephalitis, Wernicke's encephalopathy and Wilson's disease; these may be suspected on clinical grounds and confirmed with investigations. [9] [16] The diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy is a clinical one, once other causes for confusion or coma have been excluded; no test fully diagnoses or ...
Korsakoff syndrome (KS) [1] is a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by amnesia, deficits in explicit memory, and confabulation.This neurological disorder is caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B 1) in the brain, and it is typically associated with and exacerbated by the prolonged, excessive ingestion of alcohol. [2]
Studies show there is a correlation between brain lesion and language, speech, and category-specific disorders. Wernicke's aphasia is associated with anomia, unknowingly making up words , and problems with comprehension. The symptoms of Wernicke's aphasia are caused by damage to the posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus. [6] [7]
HIV encephalopathy (encephalopathy associated with HIV infection and AIDS, characterized by atrophy and ill-defined white matter hyperintensity). Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (this type can occur in the setting of apparent sepsis, trauma, severe burns, or trauma, even without clear identification of an infection).
The following are common symptoms seen in patients with Wernicke's aphasia: Impaired comprehension : deficits in understanding (receptive) written and spoken language. [ 2 ] This is because Wernicke's area is responsible for assigning meaning to the language that is heard, so if it is damaged, the brain cannot comprehend the information that is ...