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The Spavinaw terrane is an occurrence of Proterozoic (1.40–1.35 Ga) [1] intrusive and volcanic rocks in the mid-continent region of the United States.The terrane extends across southern Missouri, southern Kansas, northern Arkansas and much of Oklahoma.
A tectonostratigraphic terrane is a fault-bounded package of rocks of at least regional extent characterized by a geologic history that differs from that of neighboring terranes. The essential characteristic of these terranes is that the present spatial relations are incompatible with the inferred geologic histories.
As with related peri-Gondwanan terranes (e.g., Avalonia and Gander), the Carolina Terrane played a major role in the tectonic evolution of the east coast of North America during the Paleozoic. It represents the largest exotic terrane in the Appalachians, and underlies an enormous area of the southeastern United States.
Denali is the highest mountain in North America. Most of Alaska consists of terranes accreted by collisions with island arcs carried in over the last 160 million years. [21] These terranes were caused by the subduction of the Farallon, Kula, and Pacific plates sequentially. [21]
Other Peri-Gondwanan terranes, sometimes called "Greater Avalonia", include Carolina in the Appalachian and the deep bedrock of Florida in North America, Oaxaquia and Yucatán in Mexico, and the Chortis Block in Central America. [2] The North American terranes of Ganderia and Carolinia are sometimes grouped with Avalonia because they were ...
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A classic example is the Coast Range ophiolite of California, which is one of the most extensive ophiolite terranes in North America. This oceanic crust likely formed during the middle Jurassic Period, roughly 170 million years ago, in an extensional regime within either a back-arc or a forearc basin.
Rocks of Wrangellia (the individual terrane, not the composite terrane) were originally created in the Pennsylvanian to the Jurassic somewhere, but probably near the equator, in the Panthalassic Ocean off the west coast of Laurentia (North American craton) as island arcs, oceanic plateaus, and rock assemblages of the associated tectonic settings.