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An Elementary Treatise on Fourier's Series: And Spherical, Cylindrical, and Ellipsoidal Harmonics, with Applications to Problems in Mathematical Physics (2 ed.). Ginn. p. 30. Carslaw, Horatio Scott (1921). "Chapter 7: Fourier's Series". Introduction to the Theory of Fourier's Series and Integrals, Volume 1 (2 ed.). Macmillan and Company. p. 196.
The Fourier series of a complex-valued P-periodic function (), integrable over the interval [,] on the real line, is defined as a trigonometric series of the form =, such that the Fourier coefficients are complex numbers defined by the integral [14] [15] = .
By applying Euler's formula (= + ), it can be shown (for real-valued functions) that the Fourier transform's real component is the cosine transform (representing the even component of the original function) and the Fourier transform's imaginary component is the negative of the sine transform (representing the odd component of the ...
Technically, Clairaut's work was a cosine-only series (a form of discrete cosine transform), while Lagrange's work was a sine-only series (a form of discrete sine transform); a true cosine+sine DFT was used by Gauss in 1805 for trigonometric interpolation of asteroid orbits. [18]
A trigonometric polynomial can be considered a periodic function on the real line, with period some divisor of , or as a function on the unit circle.. Trigonometric polynomials are dense in the space of continuous functions on the unit circle, with the uniform norm; [4] this is a special case of the Stone–Weierstrass theorem.
If f satisfies a Holder condition, then its Fourier series converges uniformly. [5] If f is of bounded variation, then its Fourier series converges everywhere. If f is additionally continuous, the convergence is uniform. [6] If f is continuous and its Fourier coefficients are absolutely summable, then the Fourier series converges uniformly. [7]
A generalized Fourier series is the expansion of a square integrable function into a sum of square integrable orthogonal basis functions. The standard Fourier series uses an orthonormal basis of trigonometric functions , and the series expansion is applied to periodic functions.
In mathematics, the discrete sine transform (DST) is a Fourier-related transform similar to the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), but using a purely real matrix.It is equivalent to the imaginary parts of a DFT of roughly twice the length, operating on real data with odd symmetry (since the Fourier transform of a real and odd function is imaginary and odd), where in some variants the input and ...
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