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When performing cryopreservation of semen, it is the sperm quality after reviving the sample that is of importance, because many sperm cells die in the process. To be of use in assisted reproductive technology , the sample should after thawing have more than 5 million motile sperm cells per ml with a good grade of mobility.
A routine semen analysis should include: physical characteristics of semen (color, odor, pH, viscosity and liquefaction), volume, concentration, morphology and sperm motility and progression. To provide a correct result it is necessary to perform at least two, preferably three, separate seminal analyses with an interval between them of seven ...
A 2001 review on variation in semen quality and fertility by male age concluded that older men had lower semen volume, lower sperm motility, a decreased percent of normal sperm, as well as decreased pregnancy rates, increased time to pregnancy and increased infertility at a given point in time. [55]
In men, CD can reduce semen quality and cause immature secondary sex characteristics, hypogonadism and hyperprolactinaemia, which causes impotence and loss of libido. [31] The giving of gluten free diet and correction of deficient dietary elements can lead to a return of fertility.
However, penis size may have been subject to natural selection, rather than sexual selection, due to a larger penis' efficiency in displacing the sperm of rival males during sexual intercourse. A model study showed displacement of semen was directly proportional to the depth of pelvic thrusting, as an efficient semen displacement device. [28]
] This may be explained by the fact that sperm banks only accept donors who have good semen quality, and because of the rigorous screening procedures which they adopt, including a typical age limitation on sperm donors, often limiting sperm donors to the ages of 21–39 (see paternal age effect), and genetic and health screening of donors. In ...
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Men with a complete deletion in the AZFa region are unable to produce testicular spermatozoa for ICSI. [4] There are several candidate genes in the AZFa region that have been shown to cause infertility in males: Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 9, Y-Linked (USP9Y), DEAD Box RNA helices, Box3, Y-linked (DBY), Ubiquitously Transcribed ...