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Promethazine, sold under the brand name Phenergan among others, is a first-generation antihistamine, sedative, and antiemetic used to treat allergies, insomnia, and nausea. It may also help with some symptoms associated with the common cold [ 4 ] and may also be used for sedating people who are agitated or anxious, an effect that has led to ...
It was developed in Czechoslovakia [2] and sold in hydrochloride form as an antihistamine (Alfadryl). It is, with 8-chlorotheophylline , a component of cocrystal/salt moxastine teoclate (mephenhydrinate) used as antiemetic (Theadryl; Kinedryl (with caffeine)).
The most common antihistamines utilized for this purpose include hydroxyzine, promethazine (enzyme induction especially helps with codeine and similar prodrug opioids), phenyltoloxamine, orphenadrine, and tripelennamine; some may also have intrinsic analgesic properties of their own, orphenadrine being an example.
In 1947, it synthesized promethazine, a phenothiazine derivative, which was found to have more pronounced sedative and antihistaminic effects than earlier drugs. [ 59 ] : 77 A year later, the French surgeon Pierre Huguenard used promethazine together with pethidine as part of a cocktail to induce relaxation and indifference in surgical patients.
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Propiomazine, also known as 10-(2-dimethylaminopropyl)-2-propionylphenothiazine or as propionylpromethazine, is a phenothiazine derivative [4] and is structurally related to promethazine. The compound is provided medically as the hydrochloride and maleate salts. [6] [4] [7]
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Hydroxyzine is supplied mainly as a dihydrochloride salt (hydroxyzine hydrochloride) but also to a lesser extent as an embonate salt (hydroxyzine pamoate). [ 56 ] [ 57 ] [ 58 ] The molecular weights of hydroxyzine, hydroxyzine dihydrochloride, and hydroxyzine pamoate are 374.9 g/mol, 447.8 g/mol, and 763.3 g/mol, respectively. [ 4 ]