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Obesity has been associated with depression, likely due to social factors rather than physical effects of obesity. [15] However, it is possible that obesity is caused by depression (due to reduced physical activity or, in some people, increases in appetite). [54] Obesity-related disabilities may also lead to depression in some people. [54]
Depression is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, as the epidemiology has shown. [1] Lifetime prevalence estimates vary widely, from 3% in Japan to 17% in India. Epidemiological data shows higher rates of depression in the Middle East , North Africa, South Asia and the United States than in other regions and countries. [ 2 ]
Obesity has been observed throughout human history. Many early depictions of the human form in art and sculpture appear obese. [2] However, it was not until the 20th century that obesity became common — so much so that, in 1997, the World Health Organization (WHO) formally recognized obesity as a global epidemic [3] and estimated that the worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled ...
The "a calorie is a calorie" model of obesity posits a combination of excessive food energy intake and a lack of physical activity as the cause of most cases of obesity. [96] A limited number of cases are due primarily to genetics, medical reasons, or psychiatric illness. [ 15 ]
The source for the data below is the OECD Health Statistics 2018, released by the OECD in June 2018 and updated on 8 November 2018. [1]The unit of measurement used by the OECD is defined daily dose (DDD), defined as "the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used on its main indication in adults". [2]
Which brings us to one of the largest gaps between science and practice in our own time. Years from now, we will look back in horror at the counterproductive ways we addressed the obesity epidemic and the barbaric ways we treated fat people—long after we knew there was a better path.
Obesity can cause psychosocial problems that can lead to depression. [13] Obese children show domain-specific decreases in self-esteem, judging themselves to have lower athletic competence and worse physical appearance; [14] this decreased confidence discourages participation in sports, thus exacerbating both obesity and social problems. [15]
Being overweight has been identified as a risk factor for cancer, and Walter Willett predicts that being overweight will overtake smoking as the primary cause of cancer in developed countries as cases of smoking-related cancer dwindle. [16] Being overweight also increases the risk of oligospermia and azoospermia in men. [17]
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