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The Taj Mahal in Agra, India (17th century), uses iwans for both entrances and decorative features. Islamic art and architecture was also heavily influenced inspired by Roman, Byzantine, and Sasanian designs, both due to the presence of extant examples and contact between cultures.
The Taj Mahal (/ ˌ t ɑː dʒ m ə ˈ h ɑː l, ˌ t ɑː ʒ-/ TAHJ mə-HAHL, TAHZH-, Hindi: [taːdʒ ˈmɛɦ(ɛ)l]; lit. ' Crown of the Palace ' ) is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the right bank of the river Yamuna in Agra , Uttar Pradesh , India.
The Taj Mahal complex was conceived as a replica on earth of the house of the departed in paradise (inspired by a verse by the imperial goldsmith and poet, Bibadal Khan). [ note 2 ] [ 8 ] This theme, common in most Mughal funerary architecture, permeates the entire complex and informs the detailed design of all the elements. [ 25 ]
Two major and innovative domed chambers were added to it in the late 11th century: the south dome (in front of the mihrab) was commissioned by Nizam al-Mulk in 1086–87 and the north dome was commissioned by Taj al-Mulk in 1088–89. Four large iwans were later erected around the courtyard around the early 12th century, giving rise to the four ...
It is an archetypal form of Islamic architecture, integral to the vernacular of Islamic buildings, [2] [3] and typically featured in domes and vaults, as well as iwans, entrance portals, or other niches. [3] It is sometimes referred to as "honeycomb vaulting" [4] or "stalactite vaulting". [1] The muqarnas structure originated from the squinch ...
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The most famous is the Taj Mahal in Agra, completed in 1648 by emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal who died while giving birth to their 14th child. The Taj Mahal is completely symmetrical except for Shah Jahan's sarcophagus, which is placed off center in the crypt room below the main floor. This symmetry extended to the ...
He hailed from Iran and served Akbar and was the father of the famous Nur Jahan and grandfather of Mumtaz Mahal of the Taj Mahal fame. He was made Vazir (Prime Minister) after Nur Jahan's marriage with Jahangir in 1611 and held the mansab of 7000/7000 and the title : "I'timad-Ud-Daulah" (The Lord treasurer). He died at Agra in 1622, a few ...