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The Optacon (OPtical to TActile CONverter) [1] is an electromechanical device that enables blind people to read printed material that has not been transcribed into Braille.The device consists of two parts: a scanner which the user runs over the material to be read, and a finger pad which translates the words into vibrations felt on the finger tips.
The term "echolocation" was coined by zoologist Donald Griffin in 1944. But the phenomena was known about earlier, for example, Denis Diderot reported in 1749 that blind people could locate silent objects. [1] Human echolocation has been known and formally studied since at least the 1950s. [2]
The Parking Sensor, a spin-off from the travel aid for the blind, the Sonic Pathfinder, was first invented by Dr Tony Heyes at the University of Nottingham. England. Toyota introduced ultrasonic Back Sonar on the 1982 Toyota Corona, offering it until 1988. [7]
A curvilinear array ultrasonic transducer for use in medical ultrasonography Inside construction of a Philips C5-2 128 element curved array ultrasound sensor. Ultrasonic transducers and ultrasonic sensors are devices that generate or sense ultrasound energy. They can be divided into three broad categories: transmitters, receivers and transceivers.
Various commercial heartbeat detection systems employ a set of vibration or seismic sensors to detect the presence of a person inside a vehicle or container by sensing vibrations caused by the human heartbeat. [2] [3] [4]
It was initially developed by Paul Bach-y-Rita as an aid to people's sense of balance, particularly of stroke victims. Bach-y-Rita founded Wicab in 1998. [2] [3] [4] It has also been developed for use as a visual aid, demonstrating its ability to allow a blind person to see his or her surroundings in polygonal and pixel form.
An occupancy sensor is an indoor device used to detect the presence of a person. Applications include automatic adjustment of lights or temperature or ventilation systems in response to the quantity of people present. The sensors typically use infrared, ultrasonic, microwave, or other technology.
A long cane, the primary mobility tool for the visually impaired. A white cane is a device used by many people who are blind or visually impaired.A white cane primarily allows its user to scan their surroundings for obstacles or orientation marks, but is also helpful for onlookers in identifying the user as blind or visually impaired and taking appropriate care.