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Low back pain or lumbago is a common disorder involving the muscles, nerves, and bones of the back, in between the lower edge of the ribs and the lower fold of the buttocks. Pain can vary from a dull constant ache to a sudden sharp feeling. [ 4 ]
Waddell's signs are a group of physical signs, first described in a 1980 article in Spine, and named for the article's principal author, Professor Gordon Waddell (1943–2017), a Scottish Orthopedic Surgeon. [1] [2] Waddell's signs may indicate non-organic or psychological component to chronic low back pain.
Low back pain accounts for 17% of all physician visits of people aged 65 and older. [37] From this population, a large portion of radicular pain stems not from disk pathology, but from lumbar spinal stenosis. [37] According to Kalff et al., 21% of people over the age of 60 have lumbar spinal stenosis, as confirmed by radiological screening. [38]
Spinal manipulation appears to provide similar effects to other recommended treatments for chronic low back pain. [57] There is no evidence it is more effective than other therapies or sham, or as an adjunct to other treatments, for acute low back pain [58] "Back school" is an intervention that consists of both education and physical exercises.
It was established in 1985 and covers research on all aspects of pain management. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 2.893, ranking it 13th out of 29 journals in the category "Anesthesiology" [1] and 82nd out of 191 journals in the category "Clinical Neurology". [2]
The European Journal of Pain is the official journal of the European Pain Federation. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 3.188. [1] The journal particularly welcomes clinical trials, which are published on an occasional basis. Regular sections in the journal are: Editorials and Commentaries
Pain Research & Management is a peer-reviewed medical journal. It covers all aspects of research on pain management. The journal is published by the Hindawi Publishing Corporation. In 2014, the journal moved to open access. [1]
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