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Gauge blocks (also known as gage blocks, Johansson gauges, slip gauges, or Jo blocks) are a system for producing precision lengths. The individual gauge block is a metal or ceramic block that has been precision ground and lapped to a specific thickness. Gauge blocks come in sets of blocks with a range of standard lengths.
A set of gauge blocks are used as a working standard to check the calibration of measurement tools such as micrometers.. An example of a primary standard was the international prototype of the kilogram (IPK) which was the master kilogram and the primary mass standard for the International System of Units (SI).
Common tools and techniques of measurement system analysis include: calibration studies, fixed effect ANOVA, components of variance, attribute gage study, gage R&R, [1] ANOVA gage R&R, and destructive testing analysis. The tool selected is usually determined by characteristics of the measurement system itself.
A measurement system may be good for measuring steel block length but not for measuring rubber pieces, for example. There are two important aspects of a Gage R&R: Repeatability: The variation in measurements taken by a single person or instrument on the same or replicate item and under the same conditions. [1]
Homogenization can have adverse effects, for example on proteins, so producers must take care not to over-process materials. [ 9 ] [ 17 ] Stability of a certified reference material is also important, so a range of strategies may be used to prepare a reference material that is more stable than the natural material it is prepared from.
Hardened and ground plug gauge Replaceable thread and plug gauges. These gauges are referred to as plug gauges; they are used in the manner of a plug.They are generally assembled from standard parts, where the gauge portion is interchangeable with other gauge pieces (obtained from a set of pin type gauge blocks) and a body that uses the collet principle to hold the gauges firmly.
Gauge pin is similar to a gauge block. It is a precision ground cylindrical bar for use in Go/no go gauges or similar applications. Go/no go gauge: an inspection tool used to check a workpiece against its allowed tolerances. Its name derives from its use: the gauge has two tests; the check involves the workpiece having to pass one test (Go) and ...
The combination R-G-B = HH-HV-VV combines radar images of waves sent and received horizontally (HH), sent horizontally and received vertically (HV) and sent and received vertically (VV). The calibration of such instruments is done by imaging objects (calibration targets) whose radar brightness is known.