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Neonatal sepsis is a type of neonatal infection and specifically refers to the presence in a newborn baby of a bacterial blood stream infection (BSI) (such as meningitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, or gastroenteritis) in the setting of fever. Older textbooks may refer to neonatal sepsis as "sepsis neonatorum".
Neonatal sepsis of the newborn is an infection that has spread through the entire body. The inflammatory response to this systematic infection can be as serious as the infection itself. [ 26 ] In infants that weigh under 1500 g, sepsis is the most common cause of death.
Omphalitis of newborn is the medical term for inflammation of the umbilical cord stump in the neonatal newborn period, most commonly attributed to a bacterial infection. [1] Typically immediately after an infant is born, the umbilical cord is cut with a small remnant (often referred to as the stump) left behind.
Classification of vitamin K deficiency in the newborn (VKDB) [2] Syndrome Time of onset Common sites of bleeding Potential causes Early: First 24 hours: Scalp, skin, brain, chest, abdomen: Maternal medications Classical: 1-7 days: Gut, umbilicus, skin, nose, circumcision: Idiopathic, breast feeding Late: After day 8: Brain, skin, gut
In the western world, GBS (in the absence of effective prevention measures) is the major cause of several bacterial infections of the newborn neonatal infection sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis, which can lead to death or long-term sequelae. [3] GBS neonatal infection typically originates in the lower reproductive tract of infected mothers.
Later, in 1946, Lancefield described the serologic classification of S. pyogenes isolates based on components of their surface pili (known as the T-antigen) [13] which are used by bacteria to attach to host cells. [14] As of 2016, a total of 120 M proteins are identified. These M proteins are encoded by 234 types emm gene with greater than ...
The neonatal management algorithm's scope was expanded to apply to all newborns. Management recommendations depend upon clinical appearance of the neonate and other risk factors such as maternal chorioamnionitis, adequacy of IAP if indicated for the mother, gestational age, and duration of membrane rupture.
Early onset neonatal sepsis [21] Septic shock; Neonatal pneumonia; Infant respiratory distress; In the long-term, infants may be more likely to experience cerebral palsy or neurodevelopmental disabilities. Disability development is related to the activation of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) when the fetus is exposed to infected ...