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Edmund Ironside (c. 990 – 30 November 1016; Old English: Ēadmund, Old Norse: Játmundr, Latin: Edmundus; sometimes also known as Edmund II [a]) was King of the English from 23 April to 30 November 1016. [1] He was the son of King Æthelred the Unready and his first wife, Ælfgifu of York.
Edmund I or Eadmund I [a] (920/921 – 26 May 946) was King of the English from 27 October 939 until his death in 946. He was the elder son of King Edward the Elder and his third wife, Queen Eadgifu, and a grandson of King Alfred the Great.
Edmund the Martyr (also known as St Edmund or Edmund of East Anglia, died 20 November 869) [note 1] was king of East Anglia from about 855 until his death. Few historical facts about Edmund are known, as the kingdom of East Anglia was devastated by the Vikings , who destroyed any contemporary evidence of his reign.
In 869 a Danish army defeated and killed the last native East Anglian king, Edmund the Martyr. [3] The kingdom then fell into the hands of the Danes and eventually formed part of the Danelaw. [3] In 918 the East Anglian Danes accepted the overlordship of Edward the Elder of Wessex. East Anglia then became part of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of England.
Edmund died shortly afterwards on 30 November, and Cnut became the king of all England. At the time of their marriage in 1017, [12] Emma's sons from her marriage to Æthelred were sent to live in Normandy under the tutelage of her brother. At this time Emma became Queen of England, and later of Denmark and Norway.
England suffered from Viking attacks from the late eighth century, but they ceased for around twenty-five years from the mid-950s. [1] Raids in the 980s were followed by large-scale Danish invasions from the 990s, and English resistance under King Æthelred the Unready was ineffectual, resulting in the conquest of England by Sweyn Forkbeard in December 1013.
It is generally, but not universally, supposed that Ealdgyth, if that was her name, was the mother of Edmund Ironside's sons. [4] These were Edmund, who died young in exile, and Edward the Exile, who returned to England late in the reign of his uncle King Edward the Confessor and died soon afterwards. Whether she went into exile with her ...
Edmund then returned south to London, where Aethelred died on the 23rd of April. The English nobility present in London elected Edmund king, while the rest of the nobility meeting in Southampton, declared their allegiance to Cnut. Edmund hastened to Wessex to levy an army while the Danes laid siege to London on the 7th of May.