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Soil microbiology. Soil microbiology is the study of microorganisms in soil, their functions, and how they affect soil properties. [1] It is believed that between two and four billion years ago, the first ancient bacteria and microorganisms came about on Earth's oceans.
Soil biology is the study of microbial and faunal activity and ecology in soil. Soil life, soil biota, soil fauna, or edaphon is a collective term that encompasses all organisms that spend a significant portion of their life cycle within a soil profile, or at the soil- litter interface. These organisms include earthworms, nematodes, protozoa ...
They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust.
Rhizobia are a "group of soil bacteria that infect the roots of legumes to form root nodules". [2] Rhizobia are found in the soil and, after infection, produce nodules in the legume where they fix nitrogen gas (N 2) from the atmosphere, turning it into a more readily useful form of nitrogen. From here, the nitrogen is exported from the nodules ...
The Actinomycetota (or Actinobacteria) are a diverse phylum of Gram-positive bacteria with high GC content. [ 4 ] They can be terrestrial or aquatic. [ 5 ] They are of great importance to land flora because of their contributions to soil systems. In soil they help to decompose the organic matter of dead organisms so the molecules can be taken ...
A soil borne pathogen is a disease-causing agent which lives both in soil and in a plant host, and which will tend to infect undiseased plants which are grown in that soil. [1] Common soil borne pathogens include Fusarium, [1] Pythium, [1][2] Rhizoctonia, [1] Phytophthora, [1] Verticillium, [1] Rhizopus, [2] Thielaviopsis, [2] and nematodes [1 ...
All saprotrophic bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes, and reproduce asexually through binary fission. [2] Variation in the turnover times (the rate at which a nutrient is depleted and replaced in a particular nutrient pool) of the bacteria may be due in part to variation in environmental factors including temperature, soil moisture, soil pH, substrate type and concentration, plant genotype ...
Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) is a gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, the most commonly used biological pesticide worldwide. B. thuringiensis also occurs naturally in the gut of caterpillars of various types of moths and butterflies , as well on leaf surfaces, aquatic environments, animal feces, insect-rich environments, flour mills and ...