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  2. History of Zionism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Zionism

    This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict. Part of a series on the History of Israel Early history Prehistoric Levant Kebaran Mushabian Natufian Harifian Yarmukian Lodian Nizzanim Ghassulian Canaan Retjenu Habiru Shasu Late Bronze Age collapse Ancient Israel and Judah Iron Age I Israelites, Philistines 12th–10th centuries BCE United ...

  3. Types of Zionism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_Zionism

    Before the establishment of the state of Israel, Religious Zionists were mainly observant Jews who supported Zionist efforts to build a Jewish state in the Land of Israel. [citation needed] Religious Zionism maintained that Jewish nationality and the establishment of the State of Israel is a religious duty derived from the Torah.

  4. Proto-Zionism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Zionism

    Moses Hess R. Zvi Hirsch Kalischer R. Judah ben Solomon Hai Alkalai. Proto-Zionism (or Forerunner of Zionism; Hebrew: מְבַשְרֵי הציונות, pronounced: Mevasrei ha-Tzionut) is a concept in historiography describing Jewish thinkers active during the second half of the 19th century who were deeply affected by the idea of modern nationalism spreading in Europe at that time.

  5. Racial conceptions of Jewish identity in Zionism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_conceptions_of...

    This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict. In the late 19th century, amid attempts to apply science to notions of race, the founders of Zionism (Theodor Herzl and Max Nordau, among others) sought to reformulate conceptions of Jewishness in terms of racial identity and the "race science" of the time. They believed that this concept would ...

  6. Is Zionism patriotism or racism? Big disagreements over a ...

    www.aol.com/news/zionism-patriotism-racism-big...

    Zionism to many Jewish people means, essentially, patriotism: a political ideology rooted in the establishment — and, later, promotion — of a refuge for Jews who throughout history had to ...

  7. Zion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zion

    Zionism as a modern political movement started in 1897 and supported a "national home", and later a state, for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel, though the idea has been around since the end of Jewish independent rule. The Zionist movement declared the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, following the United Nations Partition ...

  8. 'Are you a Zionist?' Checkpoints at UCLA encampment ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/zionist-checkpoints-ucla...

    In its most basic definition, a Zionist is somebody who believes that the Jewish people have a right to statehood in their ancestral homeland as a place of refuge from centuries of persecution ...

  9. Lovers of Zion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovers_of_Zion

    The Lovers of Zion, also Hovevei Zion (Hebrew: חובבי ציון) or Hibbat Zion (Hebrew: חיבת ציון, lit. ' Love of Zion '), were a variety of proto-Zionist organizations founded in 1881 in response to the anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire and were officially constituted as a group at a conference led by Leon Pinsker in 1884.