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Changes in daily routines place stress on the body's maintenance of sleep-wake cycles, appetite, energy, and alertness, [8] all of which are affected during mood episodes. For example, depressive symptoms include disturbed sleep patterns (sleeping too much or difficulty falling asleep), changes in appetite, fatigue, and slowed movement or ...
Watson and Clark (1991) proposed the Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression to help explain the comorbidity between anxious and depressive symptoms and disorders. [1] This model divides the symptoms of anxiety and depression into three groups: negative affect, positive affect and physiological hyperarousal.
Social problem-solving, in its most basic form, is defined as problem solving as it occurs in the natural environment. [1] More specifically it refers to the cognitive-behavioral process in which one works to find adaptive ways of coping with everyday situations that are considered problematic.
Precursors of certain fundamental aspects of CBT have been identified in various ancient philosophical traditions, particularly Stoicism. [25] Stoic philosophers, particularly Epictetus, believed logic could be used to identify and discard false beliefs that lead to destructive emotions, which has influenced the way modern cognitive-behavioral therapists identify cognitive distortions that ...
Figure 1: The adaptive and maladaptive cycles resulting from agonistic (hierarchical) encounters. [5]Unlike other evolutionary explanations of depression, rank theory is able to explain why depression is incapacitating: [1] by functioning as a substitute for physical damage, incapacitation prevents the 'loser' from posing a threat to the competitor they challenged.
The kindling hypothesis of depression posits that each period of depression in someone with major depressive disorder (MDD) causes neurological changes that predispose the person to future episodes. While the first episode of depression is often triggered by major life events, future episodes are less likely to be tied to circumstantial factors ...
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