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2. Surge protector - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surge_protector

   Surge Protection Device (SPD) for installation in a low-voltage distribution board. A surge protector (or spike suppressor, surge suppressor, surge diverter, [1] surge protection device (SPD), transient voltage suppressor (TVS) or transient voltage surge suppressor (TVSS)) is an appliance or device intended to protect electrical devices in alternating current (AC) circuits from voltage spikes ...

3. Motor soft starter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_soft_starter

   A motor soft starter is a device used with AC electrical motors to temporarily reduce the load and torque in the powertrain and electric current surge of the motor during start-up. This reduces the mechanical stress on the motor and shaft, as well as the electrodynamic stresses on the attached power cables and electrical distribution network ...

4. Automobile auxiliary power outlet - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power...

   For the 12 volt systems, the center contact is the positive terminal and the shell is the negative terminal. Most automobiles connect the negative terminal to the frame of the vehicle (negative ground). 12 volt auto connectors are made to comply with a standard by Underwriters Laboratories for safety. UL2089 was developed to cover the ...

5. Transient-voltage-suppression diode - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient-voltage...

   A transient-voltage-suppression diode can respond to over-voltages faster than other common over-voltage protection components such as varistors or gas discharge tubes. The actual clamping occurs in roughly one picosecond , but in a practical circuit the inductance of the wires leading to the device imposes a higher limit.

6. Load dump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_dump

   Special protection devices, such as TVS diodes, varistors which can withstand and absorb the energy of these spikes may be added to protect such semiconductor devices. Various automotive standards such as ISO 7637-2 and SAE J1113-11 specify a standard shape of the load dump pulse against which automotive electronic components may be designed.

7. Inrush current - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inrush_current

   Inrush current, input surge current, or switch-on surge is the maximal instantaneous input current drawn by an electrical device when first turned on. Alternating-current electric motors and transformers may draw several times their normal full-load current when first energized, for a few cycles of the input waveform.