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  2. Alastair Norcross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alastair_Norcross

    In ethics, Norcross defends a version of act utilitarianism known as scalar utilitarianism, which is the theory that there are no right or wrong actions, only better or worse actions ranked along a continuum from the action (or actions) that contributes most to overall utility to the action (or actions) that contributes the least.

  3. List of utilitarians - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_utilitarians

    This is an incomplete list of advocates of utilitarianism and/or consequentialism This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources .

  4. Utilitarianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilitarianism

    In ethical philosophy, utilitarianism is a family of normative ethical theories that prescribe actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the affected individuals. [1] [2] In other words, utilitarian ideas encourage actions that lead to the greatest good for the greatest number.

  5. Wandel durch Handel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wandel_durch_Handel

    Wandel durch Handel (WdH, German for "Change through trade"), also known as Wandel durch Annäherung, is a political and economic notion, mostly associated with German foreign policy, of increasing trade with authoritarian regimes in an effort to induce political change.

  6. Liberal internationalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_internationalism

    It foresees a gradual transformation of world politics from anarchy to common institutions and the rule of law. To that extent, global free trade, liberal economics and liberal political systems are all encouraged. In addition, liberal internationalists are dedicated towards encouraging democracy to emerge globally.

  7. Triffin dilemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triffin_dilemma

    This would involve a gradual move away from the U.S. dollar as a reserve currency and towards the use of IMF special drawing rights (SDRs) as a global reserve currency. Zhou argued that part of the reason for the original Bretton Woods system breaking down was the refusal to adopt Keynes ' bancor which would have been a special international ...

  8. Negative utilitarianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_utilitarianism

    Erich Kadlec defends negative utilitarianism and addresses the benevolent world-exploder argument (partially) as follows: "[R. N. Smart] also dispenses with the generally known fact that all people (with a few exceptions in extreme situations) like to live and would consider being killed not a benefit but as the greatest evil done to them." [44]

  9. Ethics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics

    The most well-known form of consequentialism is utilitarianism. In its classical form, it is an act consequentialism that sees happiness as the only source of intrinsic value. This means that an act is morally right if it produces "the greatest good for the greatest number" by increasing happiness and reducing suffering.