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  2. Ambiguity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambiguity

    In mathematics and logic, ambiguity can be considered to be an instance of the logical concept of underdetermination—for example, = leaves open what the value of is—while overdetermination, except when like =, =, =, is a self-contradiction, also called inconsistency, paradoxicalness, or oxymoron, or in mathematics an inconsistent system ...

  3. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    Logical Fallacies, Literacy Education Online; Informal Fallacies, Texas State University page on informal fallacies; Stephen's Guide to the Logical Fallacies (mirror) Visualization: Rhetological Fallacies, Information is Beautiful; Master List of Logical Fallacies, University of Texas at El Paso; Fallacies, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

  4. Fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy

    An example of a language dependent fallacy is given as a debate as to who in humanity are learners: the wise or the ignorant. [18]: 3 A language-independent fallacy is, for example: "Coriscus is different from Socrates." "Socrates is a man." "Therefore, Coriscus is different from a man." [18]: 4

  5. Equivocation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivocation

    False equivalence: Fallacy based on flawed reasoning; If-by-whiskey: An example; Map-territory relation: Concept that words used to describe an underlying reality are arbitrary abstractions not to be confused with the reality itself; Mental reservation: A doctrine in moral theology; No true Scotsman: Changing a definition to exclude a counter ...

  6. Fallacy of accent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy_of_accent

    The fallacy of accent (also known as accentus, from its Latin denomination, and misleading accent [1]) is a verbal fallacy that reasons from two different vocal readings of the same written words. In English, the fallacy typically relies on prosodic stress , the emphasis given to a word within a phrase, or a phrase within a sentence.

  7. Fallacies of definition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacies_of_definition

    Fallacies of definition are the various ways in which definitions can fail to explain terms. The phrase is used to suggest an analogy with an informal fallacy. [1] Definitions may fail to have merit, because they are overly broad, [2] [3] [4] overly narrow, [3] [4] or incomprehensible; [4] or they use obscure or ambiguous language, [2] contain mutually exclusive parts, [3] or (perhaps most ...

  8. Glossary of logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_logic

    A logical fallacy in which a conditional statement is incorrectly used to infer its converse. For example, from "If P then Q" and "Q", concluding "P". alethic modal logic A type of modal logic that deals with modalities of truth, such as necessity and possibility. ambiguity

  9. Seven Types of Ambiguity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Types_of_Ambiguity

    Seven Types of Ambiguity ushered in New Criticism in the United States. The book is a guide to a style of literary criticism practiced by Empson. An ambiguity is represented as a puzzle to Empson. We have ambiguity when "alternative views might be taken without sheer misreading." Empson reads poetry as an exploration of conflicts within the author.