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laminar flow occurs at low Reynolds numbers, where viscous forces are dominant, and is characterized by smooth, constant fluid motion; turbulent flow occurs at high Reynolds numbers and is dominated by inertial forces, which tend to produce chaotic eddies, vortices and other flow instabilities. [8] The Reynolds number is defined as: [4]
Laminar flow is a flow regime characterized by high momentum ... laminar flow occurs when the Reynolds number is below a critical value of approximately 2,040, though ...
where Re is the Reynolds number, ρ is the fluid density, and v is the mean flow velocity, which is half the maximal flow velocity in the case of laminar flow. It proves more useful to define the Reynolds number in terms of the mean flow velocity because this quantity remains well defined even in the case of turbulent flow, whereas the maximal ...
Laminar–turbulent transition. The plume from an ordinary candle transitions from laminar to turbulent flow in this Schlieren photograph. In fluid dynamics, the process of a laminar flow becoming turbulent is known as laminar–turbulent transition. The main parameter characterizing transition is the Reynolds number.
For Reynolds number greater than 4000, the flow is turbulent; the resistance to flow follows the Darcy–Weisbach equation: it is proportional to the square of the mean flow velocity. Over a domain of many orders of magnitude of Re ( 4000 < Re < 10 8 ), the friction factor varies less than one order of magnitude ( 0.006 < f D < 0.06 ).
At high Reynolds numbers, ... The thickness of the boundary layer is a function of the Reynolds number for laminar flow. = the thickness of ...
It is a function of Reynolds number of the flow. In case of laminar flow, this length is given by: , = [2] where is the ... for high Reynolds flows. [10]
Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.
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