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An antidote is a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning. [ 1 ] The term ultimately derives from the Greek term φάρμακον ἀντίδοτον (pharmakon antidoton), " (medicine) given as a remedy". Antidotes for anticoagulants are sometimes referred to as reversal agents. [ 2 ]
The CcdA/CcdB Type II Toxin-antitoxin system is one example of the bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems that encode two proteins, one a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation (toxin) and the other its specific antidote (antitoxin). These systems preferentially guarantee growth of plasmid -carrying daughter cells in a bacterial population by ...
Strychnos toxifera, the Strychnos species which is the principal source of 'calabash curare' and its main active constituent, the alkaloid toxiferine. Curare (/ kʊˈrɑːri / or / kjʊˈrɑːri /; kuu-RAH-ree or kyuu-RAH-ree) is a common name for various alkaloid arrow poisons originating from plant extracts.
Cyanide is a potent cytochrome c oxidase (COX, a.k.a. Complex IV) inhibitor, causing asphyxiation of cells. As such, cyanide poisoning is a form of histotoxic hypoxia, because it interferes with the ability of cells to take or use oxygen via oxidative phosphorylation. [ 25 ]: 1475. Specifically, cyanide binds to the heme a3-CuB binuclear center ...
Pralidoxime. Pralidoxime (2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride) or 2-PAM, usually as the chloride or iodide salts, belongs to a family of compounds called oximes that bind to organophosphate -inactivated acetylcholinesterase. [ 1 ] It is used to treat organophosphate poisoning [ 2 ] in conjunction with atropine and either diazepam or midazolam ...
t. e. Incapacitating agent is a chemical or biological agent which renders a person unable to harm themselves or others, regardless of consciousness. [1] Lethal agents are primarily intended to kill, but incapacitating agents can also kill if administered in a potent enough dose, or in certain scenarios. The term "incapacitation," when used in ...
4'-Aminopropiophenone. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). 4'-Aminopropiophenone (para-aminopropiophenone or PAPP) is a chemical compound. It is highly toxic, and can cause injury or death upon physical contact or inhalation of fumes. [1]
The primary antidote to brodifacoum poisoning is immediate administration of vitamin K 1 (dosage for humans: initially slow intravenous injections of 10–25 mg repeated at 3–6 hours until normalisation of the prothrombin time; then 10 mg orally four times daily as a "maintenance dose"). It is an extremely effective antidote, provided the ...