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Erb's palsy is a paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the upper group of the arm's main nerves, specifically the severing of the upper trunk C5–C6 nerves. These form part of the brachial plexus, comprising the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5–C8 and thoracic nerve T1. [1][2][3] These injuries arise most commonly, but not exclusively ...
Birth trauma refers to damage of the tissues and organs of a newly delivered child, often as a result of physical pressure or trauma during childbirth. It encompasses the long term consequences, often of cognitive nature, of damage to the brain or cranium. [ 1 ] Medical study of birth trauma dates to the 16th century, and the morphological ...
Emergency medicine. A brachial plexus injury (BPI), also known as brachial plexus lesion, is an injury to the brachial plexus, the network of nerves that conducts signals from the spinal cord to the shoulder, arm and hand. These nerves originate in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cervical (C5–C8), and first thoracic (T1) spinal nerves ...
Lower brachial plexus injuries should be distinguished from upper brachial plexus injuries, which can also result from birth trauma but give a different syndrome of weakness known as Erb's palsy. Other trauma, such as motorcycle accidents, that have similar spinal cord injuries to C8 and T1, also show the same symptoms of Klumpke's paralysis.
The disorder can also be secondary to compression or stretching of the brachial plexus (for example, during a baby's transit through the birth canal, in which case it may be referred to as Erb's Palsy or Klumpke's palsy). [2] Non-traumatic causes of brachial plexopathy include diabetes, malignancy, and infection. [1] Brachial plexopathy can ...
Birth injury refers to damage or injury to the child before, during, or just after the birthing process. " Birth trauma " refers specifically to mechanical damage sustained during delivery (such as nerve damage and broken bones). [ 1 ] The term "birth injury" may be used in two different ways: the legal community uses "birth injury" to refer to ...
Bilateral absence of the reflex may be linked to damage to the infant's central nervous system, while a unilateral absence could mean an injury due to birth trauma (e.g., a fractured clavicle or injury to the brachial plexus). Erb's palsy or some other form of paralysis is also sometimes present in such cases. [12]
Frequency. ~ 1% of vaginal births [2] Shoulder dystocia is when, after vaginal delivery of the head, the baby's anterior shoulder gets caught above the mother's pubic bone. [3][1] Signs include retraction of the baby's head back into the vagina, known as "turtle sign". [1] Complications for the baby may include brachial plexus injury, or ...