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Elastic material used in the fabrics of a summer cycling attire comprising a jersey, bib shorts and gloves. Spandex, Lycra, or elastane is a synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity. It is a polyether - polyurea copolymer that was invented in 1958 by chemist Joseph Shivers at DuPont. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ]
Joseph Clois Shivers Jr. (November 29, 1920 – September 1, 2014) was an American textile chemist who was based in West Chester, Pennsylvania, best known for his role in the structural development of Spandex, a thermoplastic elastomer, in the 1950s, while employed at DuPont. [1] Shivers was born in 1920 in Marlton, New Jersey.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 October 2024. Portable Document Format, a digital file format For other uses, see PDF (disambiguation). Portable Document Format Adobe PDF icon Filename extension.pdf Internet media type application/pdf, application/x-pdf application/x-bzpdf application/x-gzpdf Type code PDF (including a single ...
History of PDF. The Portable Document Format (PDF) was created by Adobe Systems, introduced at the Windows and OS/2 Conference in January 1993 and remained a proprietary format until it was released as an open standard in 2008. Since then, it has been under the control of an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) committee of ...
The name text-based user interface was later invented to name this kind of interface. Many MS-DOS text mode applications, like the default text editor for MS-DOS 5.0 (and related tools, like QBasic), also used the same philosophy. The IBM DOS Shell included with IBM DOS 5.0 (circa 1992) supported both text display modes and actual graphics ...
History of display technology. Appearance. Electrically operated display devices have developed from electromechanical systems for display of text, up to all-electronic devices capable of full-motion 3D color graphic displays. Electromagnetic devices, using a solenoid coil to control a visible flag or flap, were the earliest type, and were used ...
Polyurea is a type of elastomer that is derived from the reaction product of an isocyanate component and an amine component. The isocyanate can be aromatic or aliphatic in nature. It can be monomer, polymer, or any variant reaction of isocyanates, quasi-prepolymer or a prepolymer. The prepolymer, or quasi-prepolymer, can be made of an amine ...
Gabardine is a durable twill worsted wool. It is a tightly woven waterproof fabric and is used to make outerwear and various other garments, such as suits, overcoats, trousers, uniforms, and windbreakers. Thomas Burberry created the fabric in the late 1870s and patented it in 1888. [ 1 ] The name gabardine comes from " gaberdine ", a type of ...