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The name "Israel" first appears in the Merneptah Stele c. 1208 BCE: "Israel is laid waste and his seed is no more." [25] This "Israel" was a cultural and probably political entity, well enough established for the Egyptians to perceive it as a possible challenge, but an ethnic group rather than an organized state. [26]
That year, 50,000 Yemenite Jews (99%) were secretly flown to Israel in Operation Magic Carpet. In 1951 Iraqi Jews were granted temporary permission to leave the country and 120,000 (over 90%) opted to move to Israel as part of Operation Ezra and Nehemiah. Jews also fled from Lebanon, Syria and Egypt.
The Crusades were followed by massive expulsions, including the expulsion of the Jews from England in 1290; [156] in 1396 100,000 Jews were expelled from France; and in 1421, thousands were expelled from Austria.
Kingdom of Israel (Samaria), c. 930–720 BCE [2] [dead link ] Kingdom of Judah, c. 930–587/586 BCE [3] [page needed] Yehud Medinata, c. 539–332 BCE [4] Hasmonean dynasty, c. 140–37 BCE [5] Herodian dynasty, 47 BCE – 100 CE; Judean provisional government, 66–68 CE; Bar Kokhba Jewish state, 132–135 CE; State of Israel, 1948 CE ...
But efforts in this direction ended, with the doctors' plot, the establishment of Israel as a Jewish state, and Stalin's second wave of purges shortly before his death. Again the Jewish leadership was arrested and efforts were made to stamp out Yiddish culture—even the Judaica collection in the local library was burned. In the ensuing years ...
However, for the most part, modern Ashkenazi Jews originated with Jews who migrated or were forcibly taken from the Middle East to southern Europe in antiquity, where they established Jewish communities before moving into northern France and lower Germany during the High and Late Middle Ages. They also descend to a lesser degree from Jewish ...
Israel's arrest of almost 30 mostly Jewish citizens who allegedly spied for Iran in nine covert cells has caused alarm in the country and points to Tehran's biggest effort in decades to infiltrate ...
Jews were allowed to Return to Zion, with Cyrus II of the Achaemenid Empire's permission. 520: The Prophecy of Zechariah: 520: Zerubbabel guides the initial group of Jews returning from captivity to Jerusalem 516: The Second Temple in Jerusalem is consecrated, symbolizing the restoration of Jewish worship after the Babylonian exile. Model of ...