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  2. Electrical impedance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance

    In electrical engineering, impedance is the opposition to alternating current presented by the combined effect of resistance and reactance in a circuit. [1]Quantitatively, the impedance of a two-terminal circuit element is the ratio of the complex representation of the sinusoidal voltage between its terminals, to the complex representation of the current flowing through it. [2]

  3. Characteristic impedance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_impedance

    The input impedance of an infinite line is equal to the characteristic impedance since the transmitted wave is never reflected back from the end. Equivalently: The characteristic impedance of a line is that impedance which, when terminating an arbitrary length of line at its output, produces an input impedance of equal value. This is so because ...

  4. Impedance parameters - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impedance_parameters

    Z-parameters are also known as open-circuit impedance parameters as they are calculated under open circuit conditions. i.e., I x =0, where x=1,2 refer to input and output currents flowing through the ports (of a two-port network in this case) respectively.

  5. Output impedance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Output_impedance

    The actual output impedance for most devices is not the same as the rated output impedance. A power amplifier may have a rated impedance of 8 ohms, but the actual output impedance will vary depending on circuit conditions. The rated output impedance is the impedance into which the amplifier can deliver its maximum amount of power without failing.

  6. Input impedance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_impedance

    If the impedance matches, the connection is known as a matched connection, and the process of correcting an impedance mismatch is called impedance matching. Since the characteristic impedance for a homogeneous transmission line is based on geometry alone and is therefore constant, and the load impedance can be measured independently, the ...

  7. Ohm's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm's_law

    The complex generalization of resistance is impedance, usually denoted Z; it can be shown that for an inductor, = and for a capacitor, =. We can now write, V = Z I {\displaystyle V=Z\,I} where V and I are the complex scalars in the voltage and current respectively and Z is the complex impedance.

  8. Miller theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller_theorem

    the amplifier may be thought as an additional voltage source converting the actual impedance into a virtual impedance (the amplifier modifies the impedance of the actual element) the virtual impedance may be thought as an element connected in parallel to the amplifier input (the virtual impedance modifies the amplifier input impedance).

  9. Wave impedance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_impedance

    In free space the wave impedance of plane waves is: = (where ε 0 is the permittivity constant in free space and μ 0 is the permeability constant in free space). Now, since = = (by definition of the metre),