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The New Deal was a constellation of economic stimulus policies and social programs enacted to lift America out of the Great Depression, and it touched every state, county, and city, as well as thousands of small towns and reached deep into rural areas with its conservation works.
Poster by Albert M. Bender, produced by the Illinois WPA Art Project Chicago in 1935 for the CCC CCC boys leaving camp in Lassen National Forest for home. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a voluntary government work relief program that ran from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men ages 18–25 and eventually expanded to ages 17–28. [1]
The term "The Great Depression" is most frequently attributed to British economist Lionel Robbins, whose 1934 book The Great Depression is credited with formalizing the phrase, [229] though Hoover is widely credited with popularizing the term, [229] [230] informally referring to the downturn as a depression, with such uses as "Economic ...
The First New Deal (1933–1934) dealt with the pressing banking crisis through the Emergency Banking Act and the 1933 Banking Act.The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) provided US$500 million (equivalent to $11.8 billion in 2023) for relief operations by states and cities, and the short-lived CWA gave locals money to operate make-work projects from 1933 to 1934. [2]
During the Depression, a piece of cardboard or a new rubber sole may have extended the wear of a pricey pair, and clothes were certainly mended and patched long before they were ever thrown out.
When these organizations work in partnership with governments, the results can be impressive. However, when other organizations or individual First World governments support the work of volunteer groups, there can be questions as to whether the organizations' or governments' real motives are poverty alleviation.
Unemployed men outside a soup kitchen opened by Al Capone in Depression-era Chicago, Illinois, the US, 1931. The concept of soup kitchens spread to the United States from Ireland after the Great Famine and the concomitant wave of Irish emigration to the New World. [10] The earliest ones were established in the 1870s.
Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression (1959). scholarly history online; Watkins, T. H. The Great Depression: America in the 1930s. (2009) online; popular history. Wecter, Dixon. The Age of the Great Depression, 1929–1941 (1948), scholarly social history online; Wicker, Elmus. The Banking Panics of the Great Depression (1996) White, Eugene N.