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A cisterna (pl.: cisternae) is a flattened membrane vesicle found in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. [1] Cisternae are an integral part of the packaging and modification processes of proteins occurring in the Golgi.
The endoplasmic reticulum is found in most eukaryotic cells and forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs known as cisternae (in the RER), and tubular structures in the SER. The membranes of the ER are continuous with the outer nuclear membrane. The endoplasmic reticulum is not found in red blood cells, or spermatozoa.
In humans, the cisterna chyli is located posterior to the abdominal aorta on the anterior aspect of the bodies of the first and second lumbar vertebrae (L1 and L2). There it forms the beginning of the primary lymph vessel, the thoracic duct, which transports lymph and chyle from the abdomen via the aortic opening of the diaphragm up to the junction of left subclavian vein and internal jugular ...
Terminal cisternae then go on to release calcium, which binds to troponin. This releases tropomyosin , exposing active sites of the thin filament, actin . There are several mechanisms directly linked to the terminal cisternae which facilitate excitation-contraction coupling .
The thinner projections, running horizontally between two terminal cisternae are the longitudinal sections of the SR. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a membrane-bound structure found within muscle cells that is similar to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in other cells. The main function of the SR is to store calcium ions (Ca 2+).
The Golgi apparatus (/ ˈ ɡ ɒ l dʒ i /), also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. [1] Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm, it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination.
T-tubules within the heart are closely associated with the intracellular calcium store known as the sarcoplasmic reticulum in specific regions referred to as terminal cisternae. The association of the T-tubule with a terminal cisterna is known as a diad. [6]
The Hypolemmal cisternae is found within a perikaryon (cell body (soma) of a neuron not including the nucleus) and is a specialized part of the Smooth ER [1] that extends into the dendrites and axon. [2] [3] Hypolemmal cisternae is found directly beneath the plasmalemma and is continuous with the Rough ER of the soma. Its function is unclear.