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Hieratic (/ h aɪ ə ˈ r æ t ɪ k /; Ancient Greek: ἱερατικά, romanized: hieratiká, lit. 'priestly') is the name given to a cursive writing system used for Ancient Egyptian and the principal script used to write that language from its development in the third millennium BCE until the rise of Demotic in the mid-first millennium BCE.
The later hieratic and demotic Egyptian scripts were derived from hieroglyphic writing, as was the Proto-Sinaitic script that later evolved into the Phoenician alphabet. [5] Egyptian hieroglyphs are the ultimate ancestor of the Phoenician alphabet, the first widely adopted phonetic writing system.
Charles Wycliffe Goodwin's essay "Hieratic Papyri", published in 1858, [142] was the first major contribution to that subject. [143] It emphasized that hieratic texts, not monumental hieroglyphic inscriptions, were the richest source for understanding the Egyptian language.
Demotic (from Ancient Greek: δημοτικός dēmotikós, 'popular') is the ancient Egyptian script derived from northern forms of hieratic used in the Nile Delta.The term was first used by the Greek historian Herodotus to distinguish it from hieratic and hieroglyphic scripts.
The Egyptian Hieroglyphs Unicode block has 94 standardized variants defined to specify rotated signs: [3] [4] he Egyptian Hieroglyphs Unicode block has 98 standardized variants defined to specify rotated signs:
Waziri Papyrus 1 is the longest and most complete Book of the Dead written in hieratic script to be found in Saqqara, experts said. It is the first one found in over 100 years, officials said in a ...
By the mid-1st millennium BC, hieroglyphs and hieratic were still used for royal, monumental, religious, and funerary writings, while a new, even more cursive script was used for informal, day-to-day writing: Demotic. [14] The final script adopted by the ancient Egyptians was the Coptic alphabet, a revised version of the Greek alphabet. [18]
As used for Egyptology, transliteration of Ancient Egyptian is the process of converting (or mapping) texts written as Egyptian language symbols to alphabetic symbols representing uniliteral hieroglyphs or their hieratic and demotic counterparts. This process facilitates the publication of texts where the inclusion of photographs or drawings of ...