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  2. Ninhydrin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninhydrin

    Ninhydrin (2,2-dihydroxyindane-1,3-dione) is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 (CO) 2 C(OH) 2.It is used to detect ammonia and amines.Upon reaction with these amines, ninhydrin gets converted into deep blue or purple derivatives, which are called Ruhemann's purple.

  3. Proline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proline

    Proline and its derivatives are often used as asymmetric catalysts in proline organocatalysis reactions. The CBS reduction and proline catalysed aldol condensation are prominent examples. In brewing, proteins rich in proline combine with polyphenols to produce haze (turbidity). [25] L-Proline is an osmoprotectant and therefore is used in many ...

  4. Indane-1,2,3-trione - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indane-1,2,3-trione

    Indane-1,2,3-trione is the organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 (CO) 3.The compound is the dehydrated derivative of C 6 H 4 (CO) 2 C(OH) 2, known as ninhydrin, which is used to reveal fingerprints.

  5. Proline organocatalysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proline_organocatalysis

    Addition of 20-30 mol% proline to acetone or hydroxyacetone catalyzes their addition to a diverse set of aldehydes with high (>99%) enantioselectivity yielding diol products. [39] [40] [41] Proline and proline derivatives have been implemented as organocatalysts to promote asymmetric condensation reactions. An example of such a reaction ...

  6. Secondary amino acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_amino_acid

    Proline and its higher homolog pipecolic acid affect the secondary structure of protein. D-alpha-amino acid - L-alpha-amino acid sequence can induce beta hairpin. [1] It suggested that acyclic secondary amino acids are more flexible than cyclic secondary amino acids in protein by replacement of pipecolic acid by N-methyl-L-alanine in efrapeptin C.

  7. Mannich reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannich_reaction

    Reactions between aldimines and α-methylene carbonyls are also considered Mannich reactions because these imines form between amines and aldehydes. The reaction is named after Carl Mannich. [2] [3] Scheme 1 – Ammonia or an amine reacts with formaldehyde and an alpha acidic proton of a carbonyl compound to a beta amino carbonyl compound.

  8. Proline-catalyzed aldol reactions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proline-catalyzed_aldol...

    The Hajos–Parrish–Eder–Sauer–Wiechert and Barbas-List [1] reactions in organic chemistry are a family of proline-catalysed asymmetric aldol reactions.. In the 1970s, two research groups discovered (and published) almost simultaneously their discoveries of two related intramolecular reactions: Zoltan Hajos and David Parrish at Hoffmann-La Roche [2] [3] and Rudolf Wiechert et al at ...

  9. Proline 3-hydroxylase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proline_3-hydroxylase

    In enzymology, a proline 3-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.28) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O 2 cis-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO 2. The 3 substrates of this enzyme are L-proline, 2-oxoglutarate, and O 2, whereas its 3 products are cis-3-hydroxy-L-proline, succinate, and CO 2.