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Scarlet fever, also known as scarlatina, is an infectious disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, a Group A streptococcus (GAS). [3] It most commonly affects children between five and 15 years of age. [1] The signs and symptoms include a sore throat, fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and a characteristic rash. [1]
Scarlet fever is also a non-invasive infection caused by GAS, although much less common. The invasive infections caused by Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus tend to be more severe and less common. These occurs when the bacterium is able to infect areas where bacteria are not usually found, such as blood and organs. [8]
[9] [10] Common symptoms include fever, sore throat, red tonsils, and enlarged lymph nodes in the front of the neck. A headache and nausea or vomiting may also occur. [11] Some develop a sandpaper-like rash which is known as scarlet fever. [2] Symptoms typically begin one to three days after exposure and last seven to ten days. [2] [3] [11]
Q fever: Q fever: Q fever, acute and chronic Relapsing fever: Relapsing fever: Rickettsiosis: Rickettsiosis, spotted fever Scarlet fever: Scarlet fever: Scarlet fever: Salmonellosis: Salmonellosis: Shigellosis: Bacillary dysentery: Bacillary dysentery: Shigellosis: Group A Streptococcal disease - invasive (iGAS) Group A Streptococcal disease ...
Erysipelas (/ ˌ ɛ r ə ˈ s ɪ p ə l ə s /) is a relatively common bacterial infection of the superficial layer of the skin (upper dermis), extending to the superficial lymphatic vessels within the skin, characterized by a raised, well-defined, tender, bright red rash, typically on the face or legs, but which can occur anywhere on the skin.
In older literature, these toxins are also referred to as scarlatina toxins or scarlet fever toxins due to their role as the causative agents of the disease. [ 2 ] SpeB is known as streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B , streptopain and streptococcal cysteine proteinase as a result of its original misidentification as two separate toxins, and is ...
The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) said that an average of 2,861 (range 479 to 5,051) of scarlet fever were recorded during the same period over the past 5 years. [ 3 ] The following table shows the number of notifications of iGAS and scarlet fever published by data from the UKHSA from 12 September to 18 June.
White strawberry tongue is seen in early scarlet fever (a systemic infection of group A β- hemolytic streptococci), [26] and red strawberry tongue occurs later, after 4–5 days. [8] Strawberry tongue is also seen in Kawasaki disease (a vasculitic disorder primarily occurring in children under 5), [ 27 ] [ 28 ] and toxic shock syndrome . [ 29 ]