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Instructional leadership is generally defined as the management of curriculum and instruction by a school principal.This term appeared as a result of research associated with the effective school movement of the 1980s, which revealed that the key to running successful schools lies in the principals' role.
Edmonds outlined six characteristics essential to effective schools, including: Strong administrative leadership. High expectations. An orderly atmosphere. Basic skills acquisition as the school’s primary purpose. Capacity to divert school energy and resources from other activities to advance the school’s basic purpose.
Leithwood co-authored How Leadership Influences Student Learning (2004), an extensive review of successful school leadership practices. Among its conclusion were "of all the factors that contribute to what students learn at school...leadership is second in strength only to classroom instruction," and "effective leadership has the greatest impact in those circumstances (e.g., schools "in ...
Between 1974 and 1976, Lezotte and Wilbur B. Brookover conducted studies at eight Michigan elementary schools, identifying characteristics of schools that were improving or declining. A notable finding was that "staff in the declining schools had low opinions of their students' abilities, while the staff in the improving schools had high ...
Later studies indicated that leadership is more complex and cannot be boiled down to a few key traits of an individual: One such trait or set of traits does not make an extraordinary leader. Scholars have found leadership traits of an individual that do not change from situation to situation—traits such as intelligence, assertiveness, or ...
Research has demonstrated that successful leaders differ from other people and possess certain core personality traits that significantly contribute to their success. Understanding the importance of these core personality traits that predict leader effectiveness can help organizations with their leader selection, training, and development ...
The principal or school head is commonly thought to be the school leader; however, school leadership may include other persons, such as members of a formal leadership team and other persons who contribute toward the aims of the school. While school leadership or educational leadership have become popular as replacements for educational ...
Personal characteristics that are associated with successful leadership development include leader motivation to learn, a high achievement drive and personality traits such as openness to experience, an internal focus of control, and self-monitoring. In order to develop individual leaders, supervisors or superiors must conduct an individual ...