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In mathematics, the dot product or scalar product [note 1] is an algebraic operation that takes two equal-length sequences of numbers (usually coordinate vectors), and returns a single number. In Euclidean geometry , the dot product of the Cartesian coordinates of two vectors is widely used.
This may be seen by writing the zero vector 0 V as 0 ⋅ 0 V (and similarly for 0 W) and moving the scalar 0 "outside", in front of B, by linearity. The set L(V, W; X) of all bilinear maps is a linear subspace of the space (viz. vector space, module) of all maps from V × W into X. If V, W, X are finite-dimensional, then so is L(V, W; X).
Download as PDF; Printable version; ... As an example, the geometric product of two vectors = ... is the scalar product. With a multivector, we can define ...
The following are important identities in vector algebra.Identities that only involve the magnitude of a vector ‖ ‖ and the dot product (scalar product) of two vectors A·B, apply to vectors in any dimension, while identities that use the cross product (vector product) A×B only apply in three dimensions, since the cross product is only defined there.
Thus, for example, the product of a 1 × n matrix and an n × 1 matrix, which is formally a 1 × 1 matrix, is often said to be a scalar. The real component of a quaternion is also called its scalar part. The term scalar matrix is used to denote a matrix of the form kI where k is a scalar and I is the identity matrix.
A pseudoscalar also results from any scalar product between a pseudovector and an ordinary vector. The prototypical example of a pseudoscalar is the scalar triple product, which can be written as the scalar product between one of the vectors in the triple product and the cross product between the two other vectors, where the latter is a ...
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Terminology varies in coverage of bilinear forms. For example, F. Reese Harvey discusses "eight types of inner product". [6] To define them he uses diagonal matrices A ij having only +1 or −1 for non-zero elements. Some of the "inner products" are symplectic forms and some are sesquilinear forms or Hermitian forms.