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Baghdad [note 1] is the capital and largest city of Iraq, located along the Tigris in the central part of the country. With a population exceeding 7 million, it ranks among the most populous cities in the Middle East and Arab World and forms 22% of the country's population.
The House of Wisdom existed as a part of the major Translation Movement taking place during the Abbasid Era, translating works from Greek and Syriac to Arabic, but it is unlikely that the House of Wisdom existed as the sole center of such work, as major translation efforts arose in Cairo and Damascus even earlier than the proposed establishment of the House of Wisdom. [9]
Round city of Baghdad. Baghdad was founded on 30 July 762 CE. It was designed by Caliph al-Mansur. [1] According to 11th-century scholar Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi in his History of Baghdad, [2] each course of the city wall consisted of 162,000 bricks for the first third of the wall's height.
The metaphor of a golden age began to be applied in 19th-century literature about Islamic history, in the context of the western aesthetic fashion known as Orientalism.The author of a Handbook for Travelers in Syria and Palestine in 1868 observed that the most beautiful mosques of Damascus were "like Mohammedanism itself, now rapidly decaying" and relics of "the golden age of Islam".
The Round City of Baghdad is the original core of Baghdad, built by the Abbasid Caliph al-Mansur in 762–766 CE as the official residence of the Abbasid court. Its official name in Abbasid times was City of Peace ( Arabic : مدينة السلام , romanized : Madīnat as-Salām ).
Apart from what al-Mas'udi writes of himself little is known. Born in Baghdad, he was descended from Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud, a companion of Islamic prophet Muhammad. It is believed that he was a member of Banu Hudhayl tribe of Arabs. [citation needed] Al-Masudi mentions a number of scholar associates he encountered during his journeys:
Mahmoudiyah 40 km south of Baghdad—Known as the “Gateway to Baghdad,” Lutifiyah area of southwest Baghdad; Mashada, 25 miles north of Baghdad [9] [10] Risafi—in northwestern Baghdad [11] Taji, Iraq (Arabic: تاجي) is an area approximately 20 miles north of Baghdad, and the site of a large U.S.-controlled military base.
Muhammad al-Baghdadi (1050-1141), jurist and mathematician, author of a commentary on the tenth book of Euclid's Elements popular in medieval Europe in translation; Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi (1080–1164/1165), physicist and philosopher