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Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug. [7] After its discovery in 1975, [8] its first uses were in veterinary medicine to prevent and treat heartworm and acariasis. [9] Approved for human use in 1987, [10] it is used to treat infestations including head lice, scabies, river blindness (onchocerciasis), strongyloidiasis, trichuriasis, ascariasis and lymphatic filariasis.
Demodex mites are morphologically adapted to this constricted habitat: microscopic, worm shaped, and with very short legs. The mites feed on cells of the epidermal lining of the hair follicle. Many species of mammals, including humans, are readily infested with these mites, but typically the density of infestation is very low.
Myiasis (/ m aɪ. ˈ aɪ. ə. s ə s / my-EYE-ə-səss [1]), also known as flystrike or fly strike, is the parasitic infestation of the body of a live animal by fly larvae that grow inside the host while feeding on its tissue.
An ectoparasiticide is an antiparasitic drug used in the treatment of ectoparasitic infestations. [1] These drugs are used to kill the parasites that live on the body surface. Permethrin , sulfur , lindane , dicophane , benzyl benzoate , ivermectin and crotamiton are well known ectoparasiticides. [ 2 ]
Sheep and goats are both small ruminants with cosmopolitan distributions due to their being kept historically and in modern times as grazers both individually and in herds in return for their production of milk, wool, and meat. [1] As such, the diseases of these animals are of great economic importance to humans.
Mange (/ ˈ m eɪ n dʒ /) is a type of skin disease caused by parasitic mites. [1] Because various species of mites also infect plants, birds and reptiles, the term "mange", or colloquially "the mange", suggesting poor condition of the skin and fur due to the infection, is sometimes reserved for pathological mite-infestation of nonhuman mammals.
The individual mites remain external to the epidermis within the follicle, but appear to be within the skin because they are below the general outer surface of the host. The mite Demodex canis is a common cause of demodicosis in dogs. Demodex mites are microscopic, cigar-shaped and have very short legs. These mites seem to feed on epidermal cells.
Treatment of sheep is normally unnecessary, because they are not usually affected by the infection. [5] Ivermectin and benzimidazole can be used to kill the adult worms in goats. Daily doses of fenbendazole or albendazole for 1-2 weeks will destroy all life stages in goats.