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Sanitation in ancient Rome, acquired from the Etruscans, was very advanced compared to other ancient cities and provided water supply and sanitation services to residents of Rome. Although there were many sewers, public latrines, baths and other sanitation infrastructure, disease was still rampant.
The Cloaca Maxima started at the Forum Augustum and followed the natural course of the suburbs of ancient Rome, which led between the Quirinal, Viminal, and Esquilline Hills. It also passed by the Forum of Nerva , the Arch of Janus , the Forum Boarium , the Basilica Aemilia , and the Forum Romanum , ending at the Velabrum . [ 26 ]
The ancient Greek civilization of Crete, known as the Minoan civilization, built advanced underground clay pipes for sanitation and water supply. [28] Their capital, Knossos , had a well-organized water system for bringing in clean water, taking out waste water and storm sewage canals for overflow when there was heavy rain.
Nowadays, the word "toilet" is more commonly used than "latrine", except for simple systems like "pit latrine" or "trench latrine". [citation needed] The use of latrines was a major advancement in sanitation over more basic practices such as open defecation, and helped control the spread of many waterborne diseases. However, unsafe defecation ...
Denarius of L. Mussidius Longus (42 BC) showing Concordia on the obverse, and two statues within the balustrade of the shrine of Venus Cloacina on the reverse [1]. Cloacina was a goddess who presided over the Cloaca Maxima ('Greatest Drain'), the main interceptor discharge outfall of the system of sewers in Rome.
A replica xylospongium (sponge on a stick) Ancient Roman latrines in Ostia Antica The xylospongium or tersorium, also known as a "sponge on a stick", was a utensil found in ancient Roman latrines, consisting of a wooden stick (Greek: ξύλον, xylon) with a sea sponge (Greek: σπόγγος, spongos) fixed at one end.
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The Basilica Cistern in Constantinople provided water for the Imperial Palace.. The list of Roman cisterns offers an overview over Ancient Roman cisterns.Freshwater reservoirs were commonly set up at the termini of aqueducts and their branch lines, supplying urban households, agricultural estates, imperial palaces, thermae or naval bases of the Roman navy.