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The Global Food Security Index consists of a set of indices from 113 countries. It measures food security across most of the countries of the world. [ 1 ] It was first published in 2012, and is managed and updated annually by The Economist 's intelligence unit.
Food insecurity is the opposite of food security: a state where there is only limited or uncertain availability of suitable food. The concept of food security has evolved over time. The four pillars of food security include availability, access, utilization, and stability. [ 4 ]
Indicator 2.1.2: Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population, based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). [23] Food insecurity is defined by the UN FAO as the "situation when people lack secure access to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food for normal growth and development and an active and healthy life."
The World Economic Forum's Global Risks Report 2023 described food supply crises as an ongoing global risk. [26] The Russian invasion of Ukraine and crop failures from climate change worsened worldwide hunger and malnutrition. [27] Even Global North countries known for stable food supplies have been impacted. [28]
However, these general definitions have little utility for those implementing food relief as "region", "widespread", etc. are undefined. One of the earliest methods of measurement was the Indian Famine Codes developed by the colonial British in the 1880s. The Famine Codes defined three levels of food insecurity: near-scarcity, scarcity, and famine.
The term food security was first used in the 1960-1970s to refer to food supply and consistent access to food in international development work. [13] In 1966 the treaty titled the United Nations International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights was created to ensure economic, social and cultural rights including the “inalienable right to adequate nutritious food”. [14]
Food sovereignty is a food system in which the people who produce, distribute, and consume food also control the mechanisms and policies of food production and distribution. This stands in contrast to the present corporate food regime , in which corporations and market institutions control the global food system .
Remote monitoring: Since the 2008 global food price crisis, the risk of food insecurity has continued to rise in unexpected places. In 2010, FEWS NET responded to the demand for information on these new areas of concern by developing a lighter, scalable version of its traditional methodology.