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For example, in Java, any class that implements the Comparable interface has a compareTo method which either returns a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer, or throws a NullPointerException (if one or both objects are null). Similarly, in the .NET framework, any class that implements the IComparable interface has such a CompareTo method.
For an example from Java's standard library, java.util.Collections.sort() takes a List and a functor whose role is to compare objects in the List. Without first-class functions, the function is part of the Comparator interface. This could be used as follows.
A comparator circuit compares two voltages and outputs either a 1 (the voltage at the plus side) or a 0 (the voltage at the negative side) to indicate which is larger. Comparators are often used, for example, to check whether an input has reached some predetermined value.
In a formula, if the top wire carries x and the bottom wire carries y, then after hitting a comparator the wires carry ′ = (,) and ′ = (,), respectively, so the pair of values is sorted. [ 5 ] : 635 A network of wires and comparators that will correctly sort all possible inputs into ascending order is called a sorting network or Kruskal hub.
A bistable multivibrator implemented as a comparator with hysteresis. In this configuration, the input voltage is applied through the voltage divider formed by R 1 {\displaystyle {R_{1}}} and R 2 {\displaystyle {R_{2}}} (which may be the source internal resistance) to the non-inverting input and the inverting input is grounded or referenced.
As an example use case of compare-and-swap, here is an algorithm for atomically incrementing or decrementing an integer. This is useful in a variety of applications that use counters. The function add performs the action *p ← *p + a, atomically (again denoting pointer indirection by *, as in C) and returns the final value stored in the counter.
Bitonic mergesort is a parallel algorithm for sorting. It is also used as a construction method for building a sorting network.The algorithm was devised by Ken Batcher.The resulting sorting networks consist of ( ()) comparators and have a delay of ( ()), where is the number of items to be sorted. [1]
The designers chose to address this problem with a four-step solution: 1) Introducing a compiler switch that indicates if Java 1.4 or later should be used, 2) Only marking assert as a keyword when compiling as Java 1.4 and later, 3) Defaulting to 1.3 to avoid rendering prior (non 1.4 aware code) invalid and 4) Issue warnings, if the keyword is ...