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Top: The formation of a real image using a convex lens. Bottom: The formation of a real image using a concave mirror. In both diagrams, f is the focal point, O is the object, and I is the image. Solid blue lines indicate light rays. It can be seen that the image is formed by actual light rays and thus can form a visible image on a screen placed ...
which is the ratio of the output beam width to the input beam width. Note the sign convention: a telescope with two convex lenses (f 1 > 0, f 2 > 0) produces a negative magnification, indicating an inverted image. A convex plus a concave lens (f 1 > 0 > f 2) produces a positive magnification and the
The magnification of the virtual image formed by the plane mirror is 1. Top: The formation of a virtual image using a diverging lens. Bottom: The formation of a virtual image using a convex mirror. In both diagrams, f is the focal point, O is the object, and I is the virtual image, shown in grey. Solid blue lines indicate (real) light rays and ...
The lens is moved until a sharp image is formed on the screen. In this case 1 / u is negligible, and the focal length is then given by . Determining the focal length of a concave lens is somewhat more difficult. The focal length of such a lens is defined as the point at which the spreading beams of light meet when they are extended ...
For concave lenses, the focal point is on the back side of the lens, or the output side of the focal plane, and is negative in power. A lens with no optical power is called an optical window, having flat, parallel faces. The optical power directly relates to how large positive images will be magnified, and how small negative images will be ...
A concave mirror, or converging mirror, has a reflecting surface that is recessed inward (away from the incident light). Concave mirrors reflect light inward to one focal point. They are used to focus light. Unlike convex mirrors, concave mirrors show different image types depending on the distance between the object and the mirror.
Different kinds of camera lenses, including wide angle, telephoto and speciality. A camera lens (also known as photographic lens or photographic objective) is an optical lens or assembly of lenses (compound lens) used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film or on other media capable of storing an image chemically or electronically.
The distance between an image and a lens. Real image Virtual image f: The focal length of a lens. Converging lens Diverging lens y o: The height of an object from the optical axis. Erect object Inverted object y i: The height of an image from the optical axis Erect image Inverted image M T: The transverse magnification in imaging (= the ratio ...