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The Ottoman cavalry sabre, or kilij (Ottoman Turkish: قلج, romanized: kılıc, Ottoman Turkish pronunciation: [/cɯlɯtʃ/]), is the Ottoman variant of the Turko-Mongol sabres originating in Central Asia. It was designed for mounted close combat, which was preferred by Turkish and Mamluke troops.
The earliest form of matchlock in Europe appeared by 1411 and in the Ottoman Empire by 1425. [9] This early arquebus was a hand cannon with a serpentine lever to hold matches. [10] However this early arquebus did not have the matchlock mechanism traditionally associated with the weapon. The exact dating of the matchlock addition is disputed.
The exact dating of the matchlock's appearance is disputed. It could have appeared in the Ottoman Empire as early as 1465 and in Europe a little before 1475. [4] The heavy arquebus, which was then called a musket, was developed to better penetrate plate armor and appeared in Europe around 1521. [5]
This page also includes Vietnamese muskets — since the early definition of a musket is a "heavy arquebus". [1] The term Jiaozhi arquebus comes from Chinese word Jiao Chong (交銃, lit. ' Jiaozhi Gun'), a generalization of firearms originating from Dai Viet .
The term folangji as a weapon is related to the prangi carried in Ottoman galleys and farangi used by Babur. The word folangji as an ethnonym (Frankish or Portuguese) is unrelated. [61] The Ottoman prangi guns may have reached Indian Ocean before either Ottoman or Portuguese ships did. [62] They may also reach China through the Silk Road. [63]
The cast-bronze Dardanelles Gun from 1464 The Ottoman Janissary corps were using matchlock muskets since the 1440s. They are depicted battling the Knights Hospitaller in this 1522 painting. The Ottoman Empire in the 16th century was known for their military power throughout southern Europe and the Middle East.
The firing mechanism was typically either a matchlock or a flintlock. Since flintlock mechanisms were complex and difficult to manufacture, many jezails used the lock mechanism from captured or broken Brown Bess muskets. The stocks were handmade and ornately decorated, featuring a distinctive curve which is not seen in the stocks of other muskets.
The miquelet lock, in all varieties, was common for several centuries in the countries surrounding the Mediterranean, particularly in Spain, Italy, the Balkans, and Ottoman domains including the coastal states of North Africa. The type of musket would be described as a Kabyle snaphance or a Kabyle miquelet. [2]
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