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Painting types include fine art to decorative and functional objects spanning from acrylics, frescoes, and oil paint on various surfaces, egg tempera on panels and canvas, lacquer painting, water color and more. Knowing the materials of any given painting and its support allows for the proper restoration and conservation practices.
Examination is a process that has evolved with the field of conservation. Taking samples of materials in a painting has decreased in favor of less invasive techniques for analysis. Examination has become a crucial part of the museum, conservation, and art historical worlds, helping to place paintings within a cultural and historical context. [6]
The scope has widened from art conservation, involving protection and care of artwork and architecture, to conservation of cultural heritage, also including protection and care of a broad set of other cultural and historical works. Conservation of cultural heritage can be described as a type of ethical stewardship. It may broadly be divided into:
Conservation skills are now being taught at institutions such as the master's degree program in art conservation [4] at Winterthur and the University of Delaware, located in Newark, Delaware. This is an intensive three-year program, with facilities including conservation studios, laboratories, examination rooms and workshops available to ...
This understanding and appreciation are critically important when devising preservation and conservation plans, strategies, and treatments. Working knowledge of how materials constituting cultural heritage were acquired, modified, processed, or manufactured and how craft or manufacturing techniques and processes have evolved through time.
1960, First four students began graduate training in conservation at the Conservation Center, Institute of Fine Arts, New York University (First graduate art conservation training program in the U.S.) [16] Four-year program, moved across the street to 14 East 78th Street, NYC in 1983.
Two of the main proponents of preservation and conservation in the 19th century were art critic John Ruskin and artist William Morris. Restoration was the conservationist school of thought that believed historic buildings could be improved, and sometimes even completed, using current day materials, design, and techniques.
An infrared spectrometer, which can be used for the analysis of cultural heritage materials.. With respect to cultural property, conservation science is the interdisciplinary study of the conservation of art, architecture, technical art history and other cultural works through the use of scientific inquiry.