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The generic term polyploid is often used to describe cells with three or more sets of chromosomes. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Virtually all sexually reproducing organisms are made up of somatic cells that are diploid or greater, but ploidy level may vary widely between different organisms, between different tissues within the same organism, and at different ...
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
In the first stage of sexual reproduction, meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced from a diploid number (2n) to a haploid number (n). During fertilisation, haploid gametes come together to form a diploid zygote, and the original number of chromosomes is restored.
"Binomial nomenclature" is the correct term for botany, [42] although it is also used by zoologists. [43] Since 1961, [44] "binominal nomenclature" is the technically correct term in zoology. [1] A binomial name is also called a binomen (plural binomina) or binominal name. [2]
They tend to be unstable and to lose further chromosomes during subsequent mitotic divisions, until the 2n+1 and 2n-1 nuclei progressively revert to n. Consistent with this, in E. nidulans (where normally, n=8) nuclei have been found with 17 (2n+1), 16 (2n), 15 (2n–1), 12, 11, 10, and 9 chromosomes.
The central binomial coefficients give the number of possible number of assignments of n-a-side sports teams from 2n players, taking into account the playing area side The central binomial coefficient ( 2 n n ) {\displaystyle {\binom {2n}{n}}} is the number of arrangements where there are an equal number of two types of objects.
gridcaha/istockphotoThe allure of Hollywood memorabilia has been known to transcend generations, with props, costumes, and artifacts used by famous actors fetching astronomical prices at auction.
A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Males of bees and other Hymenoptera , for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations .