Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Endothelial dysfunction may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis [5] [6] [7] and may predate vascular pathology. [ 5 ] [ 8 ] Endothelial dysfunction may also lead to increased adherence of monocytes and macrophages , as well as promoting infiltration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the vessel wall. [ 9 ]
The prevention of episodes of SCLS has involved two approaches. The earliest was advocated by the Mayo Clinic, and it recommended treatment with high doses of beta agonists such as terbutaline, phosphodiesterase-inhibitor theophylline, and leukotriene-receptor antagonists montelukast sodium. [8] [10]
FMD is a noninvasive measure of blood vessel health (endothelial dysfunction [5] [6]) which (when low) is at least as predictive of cardiovascular disease as traditional risk factors. [4] [7] [8] Major cardiovascular disease associated with low FMD include cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. [8]
Endothelial dysfunction has also been shown to be predictive of future adverse cardiovascular events including stroke, heart disease, and is also present in inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus. [18] [19] Endothelial dysfunction is a result of changes in endothelial function.
Endothelial activation is a proinflammatory and procoagulant state of the endothelial cells lining the lumen of blood vessels. [1] It is most characterized by an increase in interactions with white blood cells (leukocytes), and it is associated with the early states of atherosclerosis and sepsis , among others. [ 2 ]
Affected arteries develop endothelial dysfunction and impairment of normal vasodilation, which alter kidney autoregulation. When the kidneys' autoregulatory system is disrupted, the intraglomerular pressure starts to vary directly with the systemic arterial pressure, thus offering no protection to the kidney during blood pressure fluctuations.
In terms of environmental factors, dietary salt intake is the leading risk factor in the development of hypertension. [7] Salt sensitivity is characterized by an increase in blood pressure with an increase in dietary salt and is associated with various genetic, demographic, and physiological factors— African American populations, postmenopausal women, and older individuals carry a higher ...
Angina results when there is an imbalance between the heart's oxygen demand and supply. This imbalance can result from an increase in demand (e.g., during exercise) without a proportional increase in supply (e.g., due to obstruction or atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries).