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  2. Criminology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminology

    Rational choice theory argues that criminals, like other people, weigh costs or risks and benefits when deciding whether to commit crime and think in economic terms. [57] They will also try to minimize risks of crime by considering the time, place, and other situational factors.

  3. Crime pattern theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_pattern_theory

    Crime pattern theory is a way of explaining why people commit crimes in certain areas.. Crime is not random, it is either planned or opportunistic. [citation needed]According to the theory crime happens when the activity space of a victim or target intersects with the activity space of an offender.

  4. Classical school (criminology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_school_(criminology)

    As for the reasoning behind why criminals commit crime, Beccaria was of the opinion that crime was a result of bad laws, economic stature, and poverty, and that too harsh a punishment on one aspect of crime leads to another being seen as a preferable alternative. [2]

  5. Rational choice theory (criminology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_choice_theory...

    The theory is related to earlier drift theory (David Matza, Delinquency and Drift, 1964) where people use the techniques of neutralization to drift in and out of delinquent behaviour, and systematic crime theory (an aspect of social disorganization theory developed by the Chicago School), where Edwin Sutherland proposed that the failure of families and extended kin groups expands the realm of ...

  6. Crime opportunity theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_opportunity_theory

    Crime opportunity theory suggests that offenders make rational choices and thus choose targets that offer a high reward with little effort and risk. The occurrence of a crime depends on two things: the presence of at least one motivated offender who is ready and willing to engage in a crime, and the conditions of the environment in which that offender is situated, to wit, opportunities for crime.

  7. Routine activity theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routine_activity_theory

    The theory has been extensively applied and has become one of the most cited theories in criminology. Unlike criminological theories of criminality, routine activity theory studies crime as an event, closely relates crime to its environment and emphasizes its ecological process, [2] thereby diverting academic attention away from mere offenders.

  8. Correlates of crime - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlates_of_crime

    Crime occurs most frequently during the second and third decades of life. Males commit more crime overall and more violent crime than females. They commit more property crime except shoplifting, which is about equally distributed between the genders. Males appear to be more likely to reoffend.

  9. Positivist school (criminology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positivist_school...

    Hence, environmental criminology and other sub-schools study the spatial distribution of crimes and offenders (see Adolphe Quetelet, who discovered that crimes rates are relatively constant, and the Chicago School which, under the leadership of Robert E. Park, viewed the city as a form of superorganism, zoned into areas engaged in a continuous ...