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Vietnamese uses 22 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.The four remaining letters are not considered part of the Vietnamese alphabet although they are used to write loanwords, languages of other ethnic groups in the country based on Vietnamese phonetics to differentiate the meanings or even Vietnamese dialects, for example: dz or z for southerner pronunciation of v in standard Vietnamese.
Chữ Nôm (𡨸喃, IPA: [t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ nom˧˧]) [5] is a logographic writing system formerly used to write the Vietnamese language.It uses Chinese characters to represent Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary and some native Vietnamese words, with other words represented by new characters created using a variety of methods, including phono-semantic compounds. [6]
The following table is an overview of the basic Vietnamese numeric figures, provided in both native and Sino-Vietnamese counting systems. The form that is highlighted in green is the most widely used in all purposes whilst the ones highlighted in blue are seen as archaic but may still be in use.
The main Vietnamese term used for Chinese characters is chữ Hán (𡨸漢).It is made of chữ meaning 'character' and Hán 'Han (referring to the Han dynasty)'.Other synonyms of chữ Hán includes chữ Nho (𡨸儒, literally 'Confucian characters') and Hán tự [a] (漢字) which was borrowed directly from Chinese.
Writing Sino-Vietnamese words with the Vietnamese alphabet causes some confusion about the origins of some terms, due to the large number of homophones in Sino-Vietnamese. For example, both 明 (bright) and 冥 (dark) are read as minh , thus the word "minh" has two contradictory meanings: bright and dark (although the "dark" meaning is now ...
Vietnamese is an analytic language, meaning it conveys grammatical information primarily through combinations of words as opposed to suffixes.The basic word order is subject-verb-object (SVO), but utterances may be restructured so as to be topic-prominent.
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An instance of a compound word "mạnh mẽ" is derived from morphemes mạnh meaning "strong", mẽ meaning "dramatic", fused to create the word mạnh mẽ to mean "powerful". There is a general tendency for words to have one or two syllables. Words with two syllables are often of Sino-Vietnamese origin. A few words are three or four syllables.