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Carl Rogers used the term "self-actualization" to describe something distinct from the concept developed by Maslow: the actualization of the individual's sense of 'self.' [35] In Rogers' theory of person-centered therapy, self-actualization is the ongoing process of maintaining and enhancing the individual's self-concept through reflection ...
The self-concept is distinguishable from self-awareness, which is the extent to which self-knowledge is defined, consistent, and currently applicable to one's attitudes and dispositions. [4] Self-concept also differs from self-esteem: self-concept is a cognitive or descriptive component of one's self (e.g. "I am a fast runner"), while self ...
Self-actualization in person-centred personality theory is the ongoing, adaptive process of "maintaining and enhancing that portion of the phenomenal field [i.e. experiencing] which is the 'self'". [7]: 86–87 This self is continually adapting and modifying itself in response to experience in response to external and internal stimuli.
The Self in Jungian psychology is a dynamic concept which has undergone numerous modifications since it was first conceptualised as one of the Jungian archetypes. [ 1 ] Historically, the Self , according to Carl Jung , signifies the unification of consciousness and unconsciousness in a person, and representing the psyche as a whole. [ 2 ]
Self-actualization is understood as the goal or explicit motive, and the previous stages in Maslow's hierarchy fall in line to become the step-by-step process by which self-actualization is achievable; an explicit motive is the objective of a reward-based system that is used to intrinsically drive the completion of certain values or goals. [18]
The term 'actualizing tendency' was also coined by Rogers, and was a concept that eventually led Abraham Maslow to study self-actualization as one of the needs of humans. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Rogers and Maslow introduced this positive, humanistic psychology in response to what they viewed as the overly pessimistic view of psychoanalysis.
Abraham Maslow (1908–1970), proposed a hierarchy of needs with self actualization at the top, defined as "the desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming". In other words, self actualization is the ambition to become a better version of oneself, to become everything one is capable of being ...
Loevinger describes the ego as a process, rather than a thing; [6] it is the frame of reference (or lens) one uses to construct and interpret one's world. [6] This contains impulse control and character development with interpersonal relations and cognitive preoccupations, including self-concept. [7]