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Europeans and European Americans used to refer to Shuar as "jívaros" or "jíbaros"; this word probably derives from the 16th century Spanish spelling of shuar (see Gnerre 1973), but has taken other meanings including "savage"; outside of Ecuador, jibaro has come to mean "rustic", and in Puerto Rico to describe a self-sufficient farmer.
Shuar, which literally means "people", also known by such (now derogatory) terms as Chiwaro, Jibaro, Jivaro, or Xivaro, is an indigenous language spoken by the Shuar people of Morona Santiago Province and Pastaza Province in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin.
Anthropologists have recognized the Jivaroan languages as distinct, but have called attention to two confounding factors. The first has to do with nomenclature: Jivaroan language speakers typically identify themselves either by their language's word for person (shuar) or by the name of the river on which they live. Consequently, historical ...
Kichwa, Shuar, Achuar, Siona, Secoya, Shiwiar, Záparo, Cofán A Huaorani village in Ecuador. The Waorani , Waodani , or Huaorani , also known as the Waos , are an Indigenous people from the Amazonian Region of Ecuador ( Napo , Orellana , and Pastaza Provinces ) who have marked differences from other ethnic groups from Ecuador.
Shrunken head from the Shuar people, on display in the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford.. The process of creating a shrunken head begins with removing the skull from the neck. An incision is made on the back of the ear and all the skin and flesh is removed from the cranium.
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Payne's (1981) Proto-Shuar reconstruction is based on data from Shuar, Achuar, Aguaruna, and Huambisa, while his Proto-Shuar-Candoshi reconstruction also integrates data from Candoshi and Shapra. For reconstructions of Proto-Shuar and Proto-Shuar-Candoshi by Payne (1981), see the corresponding Spanish article .
A simple smiley. This is a list of emoticons or textual portrayals of a writer's moods or facial expressions in the form of icons.Originally, these icons consisted of ASCII art, and later, Shift JIS art and Unicode art.