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Pressure sensors can alternatively be called pressure transducers, pressure transmitters, pressure senders, pressure indicators, piezometers and manometers, among other names. Pressure is an expression of the force required to stop a fluid from expanding, and is usually stated in terms of force per unit area.
where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, and k is a constant for a particular temperature and amount of gas. Boyle's law states that when the temperature of a given mass of confined gas is constant, the product of its pressure and volume is also constant. When comparing the same substance under two different sets of ...
According to the ideal gas law, pressure varies linearly with temperature and quantity, and inversely with volume: =, where: p is the absolute pressure of the gas, n is the amount of substance, T is the absolute temperature, V is the volume, R is the ideal gas constant.
McLeod gauges operate by taking in a sample volume of gas from a vacuum chamber, then compressing it by tilting and infilling with mercury. The pressure in this smaller volume is then measured by a mercury manometer, and knowing the compression ratio (the ratio of the initial and final volumes), the pressure of the original vacuum can be ...
The pressure across the metering element allows calculation of the actual flow through the whole system. The pressure across the test piece is typically measured with a U tube manometer while, for increased sensitivity and accuracy, the pressure difference across the metering element is measured with an inclined manometer. One end of each ...
Pressure head is a component of hydraulic head, in which it is combined with elevation head. When considering dynamic (flowing) systems, there is a third term needed: velocity head. Thus, the three terms of velocity head, elevation head, and pressure head appear in the head equation derived from the Bernoulli equation for incompressible fluids:
In gas dynamics we are interested in the local relations between pressure, density and temperature, rather than considering a fixed quantity of gas. By considering the density ρ = M / V {\displaystyle \rho =M/V} as the inverse of the volume for a unit mass, we can take ρ = 1 / V {\displaystyle \rho =1/V} in these relations.
of zero indicates the pressure is the same as the freestream pressure. C p {\displaystyle C_{p}} of one corresponds to the stagnation pressure and indicates a stagnation point . the most negative values of C p {\displaystyle C_{p}} in a liquid flow can be summed to the cavitation number to give the cavitation margin.
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