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The course is to be distinguished from the heading, which is the direction where the watercraft's bow or the aircraft's nose is pointed. [1] [2] [3] [page needed] The path that a vessel follows is called a track or, in the case of aircraft, ground track (also known as course made good or course over the ground). [1] The intended track is a route.
[a] Any difference between the heading and course is due to the motion of the underlying medium, the air or water, or other effects like skidding or slipping. The difference is known as the drift, and can be determined by the wind triangle. At least seven ways to measure the heading of a vehicle have been described. [1]
The difference between a magnetic bearing and a compass bearing is the deviation caused to ... an angle is normally measured from the aircraft's track or heading, in ...
The turning rotation of a vessel about its vertical/Z axis. An offset or deviation from normal on this axis is referred to as deviation or set. This is referred to as the heading of the boat relative to a magnetic compass (or true heading if referenced to the true north pole); it also affects the bearing.
Heading angle σ: angle between north and the horizontal component of the velocity vector, which describes which direction the aircraft is moving relative to cardinal directions. Flight path angle γ: is the angle between horizontal and the velocity vector, which describes whether the aircraft is climbing or descending.
But at 60 degrees north the great circle distance is 4,602 km (2,485 nmi) while the rhumb line is 5,000 km (2,700 nmi), a difference of 8.5%. A more extreme case is the air route between New York City and Hong Kong , for which the rhumb line path is 18,000 km (9,700 nmi).
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The vector from A to B is the expected path for plane based on the initial heading (HDG) and true airspeed (TAS). The vector from B to C is the wind velocity (W/V), and the third vector is the actual track (TR) and ground speed (GS). The drift angle is marked in red.